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	<title>Comments on: The Royalist Imperative</title>
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	<description>Involvements with reality</description>
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		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-262</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 09:57:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-262</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Classical Republicanism is hardly an upstart revolutionary ideology. Insofar as it instantiates apolitical meritocracy -- always a challenge, admittedly -- it is clearly superior to dynastic rule. The Neocameral idea accepts this clearly, although for reasons that still escape me it is subsequently mystified by royalist rhetorical trappings.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Classical Republicanism is hardly an upstart revolutionary ideology. Insofar as it instantiates apolitical meritocracy &#8212; always a challenge, admittedly &#8212; it is clearly superior to dynastic rule. The Neocameral idea accepts this clearly, although for reasons that still escape me it is subsequently mystified by royalist rhetorical trappings.</p>
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		<title>By: Wilhelm Durand</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-257</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Wilhelm Durand]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Mar 2013 06:16:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-257</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This argument boils down to &quot;everything that&#039;s past is ipso facto worse than what has survived.&quot;

This is fallacious because good governance, while related to the fitness of your nation, is not the only factor in it. A country with poor governance, but with nukes, will survive a nation with good governance, but no nukes. In fact, this actually happened in 1945 with the fall of the Empire of the Rising Sun. Indeed, there are numerous counter-examples.

Perhaps other reactionaries pine for the return of monarchy because they like the dress code, but so far as I can tell, it&#039;s the best form of governance for unmodified humans, and probably modified humans as well, and I always advocate optimization.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This argument boils down to &#8220;everything that&#8217;s past is ipso facto worse than what has survived.&#8221;</p>
<p>This is fallacious because good governance, while related to the fitness of your nation, is not the only factor in it. A country with poor governance, but with nukes, will survive a nation with good governance, but no nukes. In fact, this actually happened in 1945 with the fall of the Empire of the Rising Sun. Indeed, there are numerous counter-examples.</p>
<p>Perhaps other reactionaries pine for the return of monarchy because they like the dress code, but so far as I can tell, it&#8217;s the best form of governance for unmodified humans, and probably modified humans as well, and I always advocate optimization.</p>
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		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-162</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 2013 15:45:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-162</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. The is/ought distinction is over-rated -- I think Jim D. inters it very thoroughly with his Natural Law argument. What makes an &#039;ought&#039; authoritative (in reality) is being rooted in evolutionary fact, and the consistent game-theoretic structures that it supports. We&#039;re on to another post by this time, though, and it doesn&#039;t &#039;resolve&#039; the charismatic leadership problem without a great deal more thrashing. 

3. Kant&#039;s prose is, to  say the least, an acquired taste, but since he&#039;s the master key to intellectual modernity there&#039;s no sustainable alternative to teeth-gritted perseverance. &#039;Difficult writing&#039; is a complex topic -- in large part it&#039;s a matter of weird socio-cultural games, and power, but not in any straightforward way (necessarily). Language wasn&#039;t engineered for edgy abstraction, so it&#039;s naive to assume that clarity -- or conformity -- is always available as a choice. Sometimes language has to be tortured to reach places that it wasn&#039;t built to reach -- after all, mathematical notation does that, in one way (abandoning the traditional resources of &#039;natural language&#039; as inadequate to its unprecedented purposes). But this isn&#039;t to say that tides of sheer BS, or academic guild codes, aren&#039;t often deciding things.

4. Two centuries! Come on ... (that&#039;s Space Opera)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. The is/ought distinction is over-rated &#8212; I think Jim D. inters it very thoroughly with his Natural Law argument. What makes an &#8216;ought&#8217; authoritative (in reality) is being rooted in evolutionary fact, and the consistent game-theoretic structures that it supports. We&#8217;re on to another post by this time, though, and it doesn&#8217;t &#8216;resolve&#8217; the charismatic leadership problem without a great deal more thrashing. </p>
<p>3. Kant&#8217;s prose is, to  say the least, an acquired taste, but since he&#8217;s the master key to intellectual modernity there&#8217;s no sustainable alternative to teeth-gritted perseverance. &#8216;Difficult writing&#8217; is a complex topic &#8212; in large part it&#8217;s a matter of weird socio-cultural games, and power, but not in any straightforward way (necessarily). Language wasn&#8217;t engineered for edgy abstraction, so it&#8217;s naive to assume that clarity &#8212; or conformity &#8212; is always available as a choice. Sometimes language has to be tortured to reach places that it wasn&#8217;t built to reach &#8212; after all, mathematical notation does that, in one way (abandoning the traditional resources of &#8216;natural language&#8217; as inadequate to its unprecedented purposes). But this isn&#8217;t to say that tides of sheer BS, or academic guild codes, aren&#8217;t often deciding things.</p>
<p>4. Two centuries! Come on &#8230; (that&#8217;s Space Opera)</p>
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		<title>By: nydwracu</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-159</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nydwracu]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 28 Feb 2013 14:51:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-159</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. Can normative statements be rooted in evolution like that in the first place? I&#039;m not convinced that apes liking charismatic leaders is an argument either way; the closest I can get is the argument that the events that predictably follow from the {presence&#124;absence} of charismatic leaders are {positive&#124;negative}. And, of course, that last group of words unpacks even further.

3. Heuristically speaking, I&#039;m always skeptical of people who have that much difficulty with basic clarity... but of course, that makes getting along in the philosophical world somewhat difficult, since there I&#039;m expected to have at least something good to say about Kant. (Foucault, on the other hand, &lt;i&gt;could&lt;/i&gt; communicate coherently, but didn&#039;t; and Nietzsche was clear but difficult. In the analytic crowd I&#039;ve seen, Rawls is opposed with Nozick, which is a lot like opposing the Democrats with the Republicans. Yes, let&#039;s counter a liberal rationalist moralist with a liberal rationalist moralist! Yawn.)

4. That&#039;s ideal, but we&#039;re out of land. I like the idea of separatism (except when it looks like the separate political body, if formed, would fail suicidally to govern itself) but seasteading seems like it&#039;ll be impractical for another century or two due to transportation problems.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Can normative statements be rooted in evolution like that in the first place? I&#8217;m not convinced that apes liking charismatic leaders is an argument either way; the closest I can get is the argument that the events that predictably follow from the {presence|absence} of charismatic leaders are {positive|negative}. And, of course, that last group of words unpacks even further.</p>
<p>3. Heuristically speaking, I&#8217;m always skeptical of people who have that much difficulty with basic clarity&#8230; but of course, that makes getting along in the philosophical world somewhat difficult, since there I&#8217;m expected to have at least something good to say about Kant. (Foucault, on the other hand, <i>could</i> communicate coherently, but didn&#8217;t; and Nietzsche was clear but difficult. In the analytic crowd I&#8217;ve seen, Rawls is opposed with Nozick, which is a lot like opposing the Democrats with the Republicans. Yes, let&#8217;s counter a liberal rationalist moralist with a liberal rationalist moralist! Yawn.)</p>
<p>4. That&#8217;s ideal, but we&#8217;re out of land. I like the idea of separatism (except when it looks like the separate political body, if formed, would fail suicidally to govern itself) but seasteading seems like it&#8217;ll be impractical for another century or two due to transportation problems.</p>
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		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-150</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2013 07:28:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-150</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[(1)  One source of cognitive friction that might evolve into a productive dispute lies at the intersection of biorealism and politics (or social organization). For one camp, if something gels with our ape-brains we should go with it, because it&#039;s practical to go with the grain of human nature, while for the other anything that clicks with our ape-brains sets off a red light, since we&#039;ll be more likely to irrationally persevere with it, over-riding contrary feedback, and following crummy legacy instincts into the abyss. Apes like charismatic leaders --  is that an argument for royalism, or against it?

(2) Adams is witty and smart, but Stephenson is truly deep. 

(3) Thanks I&#039;ll follow that up, and, of course ... f%$k Rawls.

(4) Data, yes, and especially experimentation. This area (micro-state constitutional engineering) strikes me as a zone where futuristic AI-stuff could quickly find a home. Would people want to live somewhere with maximally-predictable public rules, policed by a robot army? I&#039;d be at least intrigued ...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>(1)  One source of cognitive friction that might evolve into a productive dispute lies at the intersection of biorealism and politics (or social organization). For one camp, if something gels with our ape-brains we should go with it, because it&#8217;s practical to go with the grain of human nature, while for the other anything that clicks with our ape-brains sets off a red light, since we&#8217;ll be more likely to irrationally persevere with it, over-riding contrary feedback, and following crummy legacy instincts into the abyss. Apes like charismatic leaders &#8212;  is that an argument for royalism, or against it?</p>
<p>(2) Adams is witty and smart, but Stephenson is truly deep. </p>
<p>(3) Thanks I&#8217;ll follow that up, and, of course &#8230; f%$k Rawls.</p>
<p>(4) Data, yes, and especially experimentation. This area (micro-state constitutional engineering) strikes me as a zone where futuristic AI-stuff could quickly find a home. Would people want to live somewhere with maximally-predictable public rules, policed by a robot army? I&#8217;d be at least intrigued &#8230;</p>
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		<title>By: nydwracu</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-149</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nydwracu]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2013 00:36:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-149</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&lt;strong&gt;@admin&lt;/strong&gt;
1. Right. That&#039;s the tricky thing about politics: consensus perception matters, as does perception of consensus perception. This is the error many who claim to be rationalists or skeptics or so on make: they claim that if there&#039;s no first-order justification for a thing, if it isn&#039;t &#039;true&#039; (whatever that would even mean), it ought to be done away with, even if the social fabric depends on it--and, for a far more ominous hypothetical, even if things without that first-order justification are necessary preconditions of the existence of a social fabric at all! 

Although the interesting thing is that these myths are much more resilient than one might think. No economically rational agent would ever vote. Casting a secret vote is mathematically irrelevant in all but the smallest elections. But people--even people who attack the myths of dead and dying cultures--not only vote, but think it&#039;s reasonable to vote, and it just &lt;i&gt;doesn&#039;t register&lt;/i&gt; that it&#039;s mathematically stupid.

2. Haven&#039;t read him except Cryptonomicon (although I&#039;ll get to the rest eventually!), but I&#039;d nominate Douglas Adams. (Empirically speaking, he was &lt;a href=&quot;http://xkcd.com/930/large/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;probably right about Thursdays...&lt;/a&gt; and when you can get &lt;i&gt;that&lt;/i&gt; level of detail...)

3. That is not so far outside the mainstream of analytic political philosophy as one might expect... Skinner and Pettit have been working on a &#039;neo-Roman&#039; theory of freedom, at least. It still carries with it the characteristic analytic dysfunction of being so abstract that it&#039;s difficult to see what can be done with it, but less so than, say, Rawls.

4. I&#039;m not sure what to make of that. It could be that trying to work around the failure of algorithmic, engineered government with more engineering is trying to create societal immortality... but it could also be that the exceptions are part of the plan, and don&#039;t really do anything (or are counterproductive, maybe?) in terms of societal longevity. More data is needed.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>@admin</strong><br />
1. Right. That&#8217;s the tricky thing about politics: consensus perception matters, as does perception of consensus perception. This is the error many who claim to be rationalists or skeptics or so on make: they claim that if there&#8217;s no first-order justification for a thing, if it isn&#8217;t &#8216;true&#8217; (whatever that would even mean), it ought to be done away with, even if the social fabric depends on it&#8211;and, for a far more ominous hypothetical, even if things without that first-order justification are necessary preconditions of the existence of a social fabric at all! </p>
<p>Although the interesting thing is that these myths are much more resilient than one might think. No economically rational agent would ever vote. Casting a secret vote is mathematically irrelevant in all but the smallest elections. But people&#8211;even people who attack the myths of dead and dying cultures&#8211;not only vote, but think it&#8217;s reasonable to vote, and it just <i>doesn&#8217;t register</i> that it&#8217;s mathematically stupid.</p>
<p>2. Haven&#8217;t read him except Cryptonomicon (although I&#8217;ll get to the rest eventually!), but I&#8217;d nominate Douglas Adams. (Empirically speaking, he was <a href="http://xkcd.com/930/large/" rel="nofollow">probably right about Thursdays&#8230;</a> and when you can get <i>that</i> level of detail&#8230;)</p>
<p>3. That is not so far outside the mainstream of analytic political philosophy as one might expect&#8230; Skinner and Pettit have been working on a &#8216;neo-Roman&#8217; theory of freedom, at least. It still carries with it the characteristic analytic dysfunction of being so abstract that it&#8217;s difficult to see what can be done with it, but less so than, say, Rawls.</p>
<p>4. I&#8217;m not sure what to make of that. It could be that trying to work around the failure of algorithmic, engineered government with more engineering is trying to create societal immortality&#8230; but it could also be that the exceptions are part of the plan, and don&#8217;t really do anything (or are counterproductive, maybe?) in terms of societal longevity. More data is needed.</p>
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		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-115</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 24 Feb 2013 23:26:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-115</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There&#039;s too much interesting stuff here to respond to in one bite, but a few disjointed  points straight off. 
-- Mancur Olson describes Public Choice Theory as &#039;politics without romance.&#039; Republicanism, when stripped of its democratic camouflage, is government without romance. Neither the people, nor leaders, enchant it. Its only &#039;faith&#039; lies in incentive structures, which it attempts to orchestrate against concentrated power.
-- Neal Stephenson is the greatest contemporary poet of the republican spirit, with his Baroque Cycle as its epic. 
-- The Roman Republic lasted for over 450 years. Plenty of material, then, for reactionaries, which all serious modern republicans have been (reaching back to the classical model).
-- To emphasize the ancient dictator, or the modern Schmittian exception (the same thing), is to turn the failure of quasi-algorithmic government into a positive argument for something else (executive discretion, or &#039;judgment&#039;). This is strictly analogous to humanistic objections to the AI project, or even theistic objections to scientific naturalism in general, as expressed through its &#039;spirit-of-the-gaps&#039; character. Alan Turing taught us to doubt claims that such gaps are grounded in anything more fundamental than technical incompetence, so history might not be kind to arguments which rely upon them.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There&#8217;s too much interesting stuff here to respond to in one bite, but a few disjointed  points straight off.<br />
&#8212; Mancur Olson describes Public Choice Theory as &#8216;politics without romance.&#8217; Republicanism, when stripped of its democratic camouflage, is government without romance. Neither the people, nor leaders, enchant it. Its only &#8216;faith&#8217; lies in incentive structures, which it attempts to orchestrate against concentrated power.<br />
&#8212; Neal Stephenson is the greatest contemporary poet of the republican spirit, with his Baroque Cycle as its epic.<br />
&#8212; The Roman Republic lasted for over 450 years. Plenty of material, then, for reactionaries, which all serious modern republicans have been (reaching back to the classical model).<br />
&#8212; To emphasize the ancient dictator, or the modern Schmittian exception (the same thing), is to turn the failure of quasi-algorithmic government into a positive argument for something else (executive discretion, or &#8216;judgment&#8217;). This is strictly analogous to humanistic objections to the AI project, or even theistic objections to scientific naturalism in general, as expressed through its &#8216;spirit-of-the-gaps&#8217; character. Alan Turing taught us to doubt claims that such gaps are grounded in anything more fundamental than technical incompetence, so history might not be kind to arguments which rely upon them.</p>
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		<title>By: nydwracu</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-111</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[nydwracu]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 24 Feb 2013 17:06:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[@admin:
That was going to be my next question, except I didn&#039;t think of it until after I hit post. What, precisely, is the republican project, and what real-world examples are there of it? (I&#039;ve read a lot of Lasch and I once had to write a paper on Skinner and Pettit, so I&#039;ve heard a few different definitions.) Also, are there any necessary societal/cultural/etc. preconditions to its implementation? Most self-proclaimed republicans I&#039;ve read have either argued for the necessity of an &#039;educated populace&#039; of a degree probably impossible even today, and doomed to become progressively more so unless the dysgenic hypothesis is completely false, or a total social institution (either the social fabric of a small Southern town or Catholicism) which in practice would likely exercise at least as much power as the government.

Certainly the British tradition has something to it that others don&#039;t; Britain and its colonies flourished in ways that, say, France and its colonies never did; even today, the best-off countries in Africa are former British possessions that didn&#039;t get killed by the international community the way Rhodesia did. (Seychelles did have a coup that installed a one-party socialist government, but it got results. For that matter, Libya under Gaddafi didn&#039;t do so badly by some metrics IIRC... but now its corpse is spewing blood on the ceiling. Thanks, NATO!)

We know what libertarian rot is; what is republican rot? Expanding power of government driven by the twin forces of moral or financial panics and career-seeking Vogons? Lasch seems to think that&#039;s a natural process, that all (communist or fascist, but it&#039;s visible under liberalism too) governments evolve into massive regulatory bureaucracies. And it&#039;s not impossible that there are crises when government intervention is legitimately needed; but organizations, once formed, are driven by the iron law of inertia to find a purpose even if they shouldn&#039;t have one. The Romans had a solution: an institutional out, in the form of a temporary dictator--but how can dictators be kept temporary?]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@admin:<br />
That was going to be my next question, except I didn&#8217;t think of it until after I hit post. What, precisely, is the republican project, and what real-world examples are there of it? (I&#8217;ve read a lot of Lasch and I once had to write a paper on Skinner and Pettit, so I&#8217;ve heard a few different definitions.) Also, are there any necessary societal/cultural/etc. preconditions to its implementation? Most self-proclaimed republicans I&#8217;ve read have either argued for the necessity of an &#8216;educated populace&#8217; of a degree probably impossible even today, and doomed to become progressively more so unless the dysgenic hypothesis is completely false, or a total social institution (either the social fabric of a small Southern town or Catholicism) which in practice would likely exercise at least as much power as the government.</p>
<p>Certainly the British tradition has something to it that others don&#8217;t; Britain and its colonies flourished in ways that, say, France and its colonies never did; even today, the best-off countries in Africa are former British possessions that didn&#8217;t get killed by the international community the way Rhodesia did. (Seychelles did have a coup that installed a one-party socialist government, but it got results. For that matter, Libya under Gaddafi didn&#8217;t do so badly by some metrics IIRC&#8230; but now its corpse is spewing blood on the ceiling. Thanks, NATO!)</p>
<p>We know what libertarian rot is; what is republican rot? Expanding power of government driven by the twin forces of moral or financial panics and career-seeking Vogons? Lasch seems to think that&#8217;s a natural process, that all (communist or fascist, but it&#8217;s visible under liberalism too) governments evolve into massive regulatory bureaucracies. And it&#8217;s not impossible that there are crises when government intervention is legitimately needed; but organizations, once formed, are driven by the iron law of inertia to find a purpose even if they shouldn&#8217;t have one. The Romans had a solution: an institutional out, in the form of a temporary dictator&#8211;but how can dictators be kept temporary?</p>
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		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-43</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Feb 2013 00:59:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-43</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[@ Nydrwracu
Superb stuff, thanks. My problem begins with &quot;the democratic division of sovereignty ...&quot;
Is it truly impossible to distinguish the republican project (to constrain political power), from the democratic project (to politically empower the people)? Both in principle, and in terms of practical statecraft, it seems to me that the former has led to the most excellent societies the world has yet known, whilst the latter simply and completely stinks. 
Also noteworthy (as a Brit), is the reliable collaboration of the monarchical-aristocratic establishment with socialist ruination, typically through their parliamentary puppet (&#039;One Nation&#039; conservatism). Disraeli pushed through the 1867 reform act to screw the bourgeoisie, and it&#039;s been downhill from there. Prince Charles would probably be an out-and-out jihadi if it wasn&#039;t for the complicating additional strands of his anti-capitalist agenda.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>@ Nydrwracu<br />
Superb stuff, thanks. My problem begins with &#8220;the democratic division of sovereignty &#8230;&#8221;<br />
Is it truly impossible to distinguish the republican project (to constrain political power), from the democratic project (to politically empower the people)? Both in principle, and in terms of practical statecraft, it seems to me that the former has led to the most excellent societies the world has yet known, whilst the latter simply and completely stinks.<br />
Also noteworthy (as a Brit), is the reliable collaboration of the monarchical-aristocratic establishment with socialist ruination, typically through their parliamentary puppet (&#8216;One Nation&#8217; conservatism). Disraeli pushed through the 1867 reform act to screw the bourgeoisie, and it&#8217;s been downhill from there. Prince Charles would probably be an out-and-out jihadi if it wasn&#8217;t for the complicating additional strands of his anti-capitalist agenda.</p>
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		<title>By: Libertarian decay and royalist history &#171; nydwracu niþgrim, nihtbealwa mæst</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/the-royalist-imperative/#comment-41</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Libertarian decay and royalist history &#171; nydwracu niþgrim, nihtbealwa mæst]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 23:00:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=52#comment-41</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] Nick Land asks: &#8220;How can reactionaries criticize free republics for falling apart? Everything reactionaries have ever respected fell apart.&#8221; So I replied, in a comment long enough to merit posting, after slight editing for standalone coherency. I&#8217;m not entirely convinced by this argument myself, and I&#8217;m not even sure how to put together the positive case for royalism that belongs at the end, but I find this historical narrative at least more credible than the Whig one. [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] Nick Land asks: &#8220;How can reactionaries criticize free republics for falling apart? Everything reactionaries have ever respected fell apart.&#8221; So I replied, in a comment long enough to merit posting, after slight editing for standalone coherency. I&#8217;m not entirely convinced by this argument myself, and I&#8217;m not even sure how to put together the positive case for royalism that belongs at the end, but I find this historical narrative at least more credible than the Whig one. [&#8230;]</p>
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