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	<title>Comments on: Zombie Wars</title>
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	<description>Involvements with reality</description>
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		<title>By: Zombi Diaspora</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34900</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zombi Diaspora]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Feb 2014 16:43:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34900</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For sure. I&#039;ve been plotting the step-by-step trajectory of the zombie&#039;s &#039;transmigration&#039; from Haiti to here through different media platforms and in the process I seem to have become something of a zombie pedant. The transition I was referring to above was from sensationalist travel literature about Haiti to cinema in the 1930&#039;s and 40&#039;s, when the zombie first became a metaphor for mass mindlessness and the hypnotic power of the media. You still find the zombie metaphor used this way today, but I think you are pointing to something much more &#039;evolved&#039; than this. The zombies that Seabrook encountered were very different to the one&#039;s that proliferate in contemporary zombie lore. But as you rightly suggested, the &#039;soul&#039; issue was central as it continues to be, if in a new guise. (Vodouists by the way have a dual conception of the soul, the Gros Bone Ange (Big Good Angel) - one&#039;s astral double, something like a ghost - and the Ti Bon Ange (Little Good Angel) - an impersonal element, orientated towards the Good, that re-unites with the universal soul nine days after death. Zombi is the name given to a captured soul that has been imprisoned by a sorcerer either in a cadaver or another kind of vessel).

There was a very important phase-shift/mutation of the zombie in the late 80&#039;s/early 90&#039;s that coincided with the advent of the first zombie computer games. This was also the time that Haiti became implicated in stories about the origin and diffusion of HIV/AIDS (referred to by some as &#039;The Zombie Curse&#039;). Post 90&#039;s the zombie becomes a viral-replicant-type entity, something &#039;undead&#039; or &#039;death-like&#039; in our DNA that correlated with &#039;a-life&#039;, something that proliferates through blood and machines. (And as you know this formulation fits very well with the Freudian death-drive thesis). It&#039;s diffusion through gaming platforms from then on certainly changes the zombie&#039;s popularly perceived ontology and it has very much shorn it of many of those earlier associations. And so I agree that current zombie lore isn&#039;t necessarily plugging into these associated histories (adding the caveat that an essential function of the contemporary zombie-meme may be to neutralize or eradicate historical consciousness).

One could argue, given its historical origins, that necropolitics and biopower are in the zombie&#039;s very DNA. 
And, interestingly, if we switch the convergent virus/DNA/immortal replicator rails in the 90&#039;s and track back through the current consensus about the origin of AIDS/HIV we end up back in the biopolitical quagmire of the Congo (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5450391). I know, it&#039;s a stretch, and I&#039;m seriously unsure where all this ends up. But it puts an interesting spin on games like this:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAohn_n0hyg. 

(Following this thread, Episode 3 of Adam Curtis’s &#039;All Watched Over By Machines of Loving Grace&#039; - ‘The Monkey in the Machine and the Machine in the Monkey’ - is very interesting in terms of the relation between computer games, AIDS, Africa and &#039;a-life&#039; zombies. To summarize it  tells the story of the evolutionary biologist William Hamilton who thought that HIV was caused by polio vaccines, prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures and administered to Africans between 1957 and 1960. He travelled to the Congo in 2000 in an attempt to prove his theory. Curtis draws interesting analogies between the minerals that militias in the Congo were waging war to control at that time (principally coltan, an essential element in the manufacture of digital devices like PlayStation 2 for which &#039;Resident Evil&#039; and &#039;Silent Hill&#039;, two of the first zombie-kill games, were made) and the “selfish gene” theories of Dawkins. He also shows how in the 1930‘s allogenic European myths about the racial superiority of Tutsi over Hutu peoples, supplemented by eugenic pseudo-science (Curtis) and imperial bio-politics (me), led to inter-tribal genocide after the withdrawal of Belgian rule from Rwanda in 1960. In 1967 a war broke out in the Congo between white mercenaries, supported by the major mining conglomerates, and President Mobuto&#039;s Congolese army. (There&#039;s a great Dian Fossey part of the story too, but I&#039;ll leave that for your viewing pleasure). 

But, you&#039;re right, this is a very different take on the necropolitics of zombies than the reality/pleasure experienced in their virtual obliteration.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For sure. I&#8217;ve been plotting the step-by-step trajectory of the zombie&#8217;s &#8216;transmigration&#8217; from Haiti to here through different media platforms and in the process I seem to have become something of a zombie pedant. The transition I was referring to above was from sensationalist travel literature about Haiti to cinema in the 1930&#8217;s and 40&#8217;s, when the zombie first became a metaphor for mass mindlessness and the hypnotic power of the media. You still find the zombie metaphor used this way today, but I think you are pointing to something much more &#8216;evolved&#8217; than this. The zombies that Seabrook encountered were very different to the one&#8217;s that proliferate in contemporary zombie lore. But as you rightly suggested, the &#8216;soul&#8217; issue was central as it continues to be, if in a new guise. (Vodouists by the way have a dual conception of the soul, the Gros Bone Ange (Big Good Angel) &#8211; one&#8217;s astral double, something like a ghost &#8211; and the Ti Bon Ange (Little Good Angel) &#8211; an impersonal element, orientated towards the Good, that re-unites with the universal soul nine days after death. Zombi is the name given to a captured soul that has been imprisoned by a sorcerer either in a cadaver or another kind of vessel).</p>
<p>There was a very important phase-shift/mutation of the zombie in the late 80&#8217;s/early 90&#8217;s that coincided with the advent of the first zombie computer games. This was also the time that Haiti became implicated in stories about the origin and diffusion of HIV/AIDS (referred to by some as &#8216;The Zombie Curse&#8217;). Post 90&#8217;s the zombie becomes a viral-replicant-type entity, something &#8216;undead&#8217; or &#8216;death-like&#8217; in our DNA that correlated with &#8216;a-life&#8217;, something that proliferates through blood and machines. (And as you know this formulation fits very well with the Freudian death-drive thesis). It&#8217;s diffusion through gaming platforms from then on certainly changes the zombie&#8217;s popularly perceived ontology and it has very much shorn it of many of those earlier associations. And so I agree that current zombie lore isn&#8217;t necessarily plugging into these associated histories (adding the caveat that an essential function of the contemporary zombie-meme may be to neutralize or eradicate historical consciousness).</p>
<p>One could argue, given its historical origins, that necropolitics and biopower are in the zombie&#8217;s very DNA.<br />
And, interestingly, if we switch the convergent virus/DNA/immortal replicator rails in the 90&#8217;s and track back through the current consensus about the origin of AIDS/HIV we end up back in the biopolitical quagmire of the Congo (<a href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5450391" rel="nofollow">http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5450391</a>). I know, it&#8217;s a stretch, and I&#8217;m seriously unsure where all this ends up. But it puts an interesting spin on games like this:<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAohn_n0hyg" rel="nofollow">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yAohn_n0hyg</a>. </p>
<p>(Following this thread, Episode 3 of Adam Curtis’s &#8216;All Watched Over By Machines of Loving Grace&#8217; &#8211; ‘The Monkey in the Machine and the Machine in the Monkey’ &#8211; is very interesting in terms of the relation between computer games, AIDS, Africa and &#8216;a-life&#8217; zombies. To summarize it  tells the story of the evolutionary biologist William Hamilton who thought that HIV was caused by polio vaccines, prepared in chimpanzee tissue cultures and administered to Africans between 1957 and 1960. He travelled to the Congo in 2000 in an attempt to prove his theory. Curtis draws interesting analogies between the minerals that militias in the Congo were waging war to control at that time (principally coltan, an essential element in the manufacture of digital devices like PlayStation 2 for which &#8216;Resident Evil&#8217; and &#8216;Silent Hill&#8217;, two of the first zombie-kill games, were made) and the “selfish gene” theories of Dawkins. He also shows how in the 1930‘s allogenic European myths about the racial superiority of Tutsi over Hutu peoples, supplemented by eugenic pseudo-science (Curtis) and imperial bio-politics (me), led to inter-tribal genocide after the withdrawal of Belgian rule from Rwanda in 1960. In 1967 a war broke out in the Congo between white mercenaries, supported by the major mining conglomerates, and President Mobuto&#8217;s Congolese army. (There&#8217;s a great Dian Fossey part of the story too, but I&#8217;ll leave that for your viewing pleasure). </p>
<p>But, you&#8217;re right, this is a very different take on the necropolitics of zombies than the reality/pleasure experienced in their virtual obliteration.</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: admin</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34879</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[admin]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Feb 2014 04:12:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34879</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Popular zombie lore has to be plugging into some far less elaborate systems of associations, doesn&#039;t it? In particular, the kind of impulses that take people to a zombie flick -- at least superficially (i.e. probably realistically) -- seem to share a lot with violent computer games, not least the blissful release of morally-disinhibited slaughter. Is this &quot;biopower and necropolitics&quot;? Quite possibly. I&#039;d need to follow up specific references.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Popular zombie lore has to be plugging into some far less elaborate systems of associations, doesn&#8217;t it? In particular, the kind of impulses that take people to a zombie flick &#8212; at least superficially (i.e. probably realistically) &#8212; seem to share a lot with violent computer games, not least the blissful release of morally-disinhibited slaughter. Is this &#8220;biopower and necropolitics&#8221;? Quite possibly. I&#8217;d need to follow up specific references.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mark Warburton</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34829</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mark Warburton]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2014 10:29:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34829</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Oh great. Yeah, my French isn&#039;t the best. Could you send the translation to cyder534@hotmail.com? Cheers!]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Oh great. Yeah, my French isn&#8217;t the best. Could you send the translation to <a href="mailto:cyder534@hotmail.com">cyder534@hotmail.com</a>? Cheers!</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Zombi Diaspora</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34823</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zombi Diaspora]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2014 09:57:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34823</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi Mark, The review was in &#039;Documents 4&#039; (1929). A facsimile can be found here: http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32951f/f445.image.langEN. I have a translation which I&#039;m happy to share.
J]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Mark, The review was in &#8216;Documents 4&#8242; (1929). A facsimile can be found here: <a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32951f/f445.image.langEN" rel="nofollow">http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k32951f/f445.image.langEN</a>. I have a translation which I&#8217;m happy to share.<br />
J</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mark Warburton</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34812</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mark Warburton]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Feb 2014 03:21:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34812</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Hi John,

Fan of your work. Missed your talk at GS, but a friend got me the recording. Could you let me know where I could find the Michel Leris review on Magic Island  you quoted?

Cheers.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi John,</p>
<p>Fan of your work. Missed your talk at GS, but a friend got me the recording. Could you let me know where I could find the Michel Leris review on Magic Island  you quoted?</p>
<p>Cheers.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Atos and the Zombie Wars &#124; Zombi Diaspora</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34808</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Atos and the Zombie Wars &#124; Zombi Diaspora]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2014 23:54:15 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34808</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[&#8230;] is a slightly extended version of my response to Nick Land&#8217;s Zombie Wars post at Outside In. It coincides somewhat circuitously with the image I oversaw today in a British [&#8230;]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[&#8230;] is a slightly extended version of my response to Nick Land&#8217;s Zombie Wars post at Outside In. It coincides somewhat circuitously with the image I oversaw today in a British [&#8230;]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Zombi Diaspora</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34795</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Zombi Diaspora]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2014 17:09:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34795</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Three points worth making here Nick. Firstly the zombies described by Seabrook in The Magic Island (a book, not a film, by the way) were allegedly working for the Haitian American Sugar Corporation whose operations had been threatened by anti-imperialist Haitian rebels (the Cacos) between 1912-17. The US occupation of Haiti began, in part, as response to this threat, and its ideological justification had an explicitly racialist dimension. During the occupation the marines reintroduced forced labour to the country and set about trying to eradicate the scourge of Vodou, which they identified, correctly, as having something to do with the rebels. In response the Cacos mobilized whatever myths they could about of their own supernatural powers (including stories about cannibalism and zombies). Even though Seabrook’s zombies were working for a sugar manufacturer the author failed to see them as a revenant of the horrors of the plantation system under the Code Noir. They were in many ways too ‘modern’, a reminder of the ‘soulless robots’ who inhabited the factory system and metropolis. And he was in Haiti to get his black, primitive rocks off! (Something similar happened with his mate Michel Leiris back in Paris, who took Seabrook’s book with him to Africa in 1931). Both failed to draw the correlation between the master-slave dynamics of human capital within the New World slave economy and the ‘robotic’ and ‘automated’ quality of life within modern industrial capitalism. (This has a lot to do with their primitivist fantasies about race and ‘blackness’, as Susan Zieger has pointed out in this article). Secondly, the first zombie film - White Zombie - does represent zombies as slave-workers in a plantation system but it does so as an aberrant and anachronistic gothic fantasy rather than as a contemporary reality. The zombie figure in this context operates as a way of not representing what the US was doing in Haiti at that time. Importantly the slave-master is depicted as a hypnotist zombie-maker, a figure that is as much a metaphor for the powers of mass spectacle as it is for the powers of industrial capital (in crisis). In this sense the zombie-automaton-somnambulist figure represents a subject condemned to geopolitical and historical oblivion by the combined, forces of political-economy, hypnotism and sorcery. Finally, some of the better recent writing on zombies has made use of the concepts of biopower and necropolitics. These perspectives make inroads into the question you raise about which side of the political spectrum the right to exterminate life comes from. From here race remains a fundamental issue - as do issues of political sovereignty and historical consciousness - but in ways that exceed the Right/Left dualism.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Three points worth making here Nick. Firstly the zombies described by Seabrook in The Magic Island (a book, not a film, by the way) were allegedly working for the Haitian American Sugar Corporation whose operations had been threatened by anti-imperialist Haitian rebels (the Cacos) between 1912-17. The US occupation of Haiti began, in part, as response to this threat, and its ideological justification had an explicitly racialist dimension. During the occupation the marines reintroduced forced labour to the country and set about trying to eradicate the scourge of Vodou, which they identified, correctly, as having something to do with the rebels. In response the Cacos mobilized whatever myths they could about of their own supernatural powers (including stories about cannibalism and zombies). Even though Seabrook’s zombies were working for a sugar manufacturer the author failed to see them as a revenant of the horrors of the plantation system under the Code Noir. They were in many ways too ‘modern’, a reminder of the ‘soulless robots’ who inhabited the factory system and metropolis. And he was in Haiti to get his black, primitive rocks off! (Something similar happened with his mate Michel Leiris back in Paris, who took Seabrook’s book with him to Africa in 1931). Both failed to draw the correlation between the master-slave dynamics of human capital within the New World slave economy and the ‘robotic’ and ‘automated’ quality of life within modern industrial capitalism. (This has a lot to do with their primitivist fantasies about race and ‘blackness’, as Susan Zieger has pointed out in this article). Secondly, the first zombie film &#8211; White Zombie &#8211; does represent zombies as slave-workers in a plantation system but it does so as an aberrant and anachronistic gothic fantasy rather than as a contemporary reality. The zombie figure in this context operates as a way of not representing what the US was doing in Haiti at that time. Importantly the slave-master is depicted as a hypnotist zombie-maker, a figure that is as much a metaphor for the powers of mass spectacle as it is for the powers of industrial capital (in crisis). In this sense the zombie-automaton-somnambulist figure represents a subject condemned to geopolitical and historical oblivion by the combined, forces of political-economy, hypnotism and sorcery. Finally, some of the better recent writing on zombies has made use of the concepts of biopower and necropolitics. These perspectives make inroads into the question you raise about which side of the political spectrum the right to exterminate life comes from. From here race remains a fundamental issue &#8211; as do issues of political sovereignty and historical consciousness &#8211; but in ways that exceed the Right/Left dualism.</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Scharlach</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34780</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Scharlach]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Feb 2014 02:53:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34780</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I don&#039;t think 28 Days Later was nearly as allegorical as all that.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I don&#8217;t think 28 Days Later was nearly as allegorical as all that.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Lesser Bull</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34777</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Lesser Bull]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Feb 2014 22:48:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34777</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks for that (sacramental) dose of reality.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for that (sacramental) dose of reality.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Igitur</title>
		<link>http://www.xenosystems.net/zombie-wars/#comment-34776</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Igitur]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Feb 2014 21:06:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.xenosystems.net/?p=2121#comment-34776</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Just dropping something that may be of interest to the traditionalist folk (among which I do &lt;strong&gt;not&lt;/strong&gt; count myself). Came up kind of by accident here.

Kornrich, Brines and Leupp (2012) Egalitarianism, Housework and Sexual Frequency in Marriage (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.asanet.org/journals/ASR/Feb13ASRFeature.pdf&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;ungated PDF&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://imgur.com/Wzhoy0o.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;money shot chart&lt;/a&gt;).

Apparently, (male-female) couples in &quot;peer marriages&quot;, where the man picks up a larger share of &quot;core housework&quot;, have less sex. Linearly so along the distribution, and in contradistinction with &quot;non-core housework&quot;, which does increase sex frequency. 

This is Darwin talking. Not sure what he&#039;s saying, but this is coming from the voice of Darwin. 


The key weakness in this study is that it uses a relatively old (mid-90s) dataset. But all the relevant variables are statistically significant, the whole thing is very sound. Check it out. It&#039;s of no use to me, but...]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Just dropping something that may be of interest to the traditionalist folk (among which I do <strong>not</strong> count myself). Came up kind of by accident here.</p>
<p>Kornrich, Brines and Leupp (2012) Egalitarianism, Housework and Sexual Frequency in Marriage (<a href="http://www.asanet.org/journals/ASR/Feb13ASRFeature.pdf" rel="nofollow">ungated PDF</a> and <a href="http://imgur.com/Wzhoy0o.jpg" rel="nofollow">money shot chart</a>).</p>
<p>Apparently, (male-female) couples in &#8220;peer marriages&#8221;, where the man picks up a larger share of &#8220;core housework&#8221;, have less sex. Linearly so along the distribution, and in contradistinction with &#8220;non-core housework&#8221;, which does increase sex frequency. </p>
<p>This is Darwin talking. Not sure what he&#8217;s saying, but this is coming from the voice of Darwin. </p>
<p>The key weakness in this study is that it uses a relatively old (mid-90s) dataset. But all the relevant variables are statistically significant, the whole thing is very sound. Check it out. It&#8217;s of no use to me, but&#8230;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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